A Soul Built Through Pain and Suffering Essay

Similar to imprints on sand or carvings in wood, character is moulded and developed by indents – through pain and suffrage. In the novel, The White Tiger, Aravind Adiga explores the dark realities of India’s caste system with a story of a man who broke through the division. The quote by Helen Keller, â€Å"Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and success achieved,† is seen through Balram’s journey as he overcomes obstacles to achieve his success. Adiga illustrates that one cannot see true light of a strong soul, inspired ambition and success, without the struggles of being in true darkness and the disadvantages that come along with it. Balram Halwai is raised in the lower-social caste town of Laxmangarh, India, where he is forced to deal with indignities caused by his family’s poverty. Balram witness’s the death of both of his parents, from illnesses in both of which could have been cured had he been in a higher-caste system of society. His father, Vikram Halwai, died of mistreated tuberculosis. Balram exclaims the ignorance of the government as they failed to appropriately care for his father’s condition and death: The ward boys made us clean up our Father before we could remove the body. A goat came in and sniffed as we were mopping the blood off the floor. The ward boys petter her and fed her a plump carrot as we mopped our father’s infected blood off the floor. (Adiga 42) The lack of care exhibited by the hospital emphasizes the harsh reality of just how terrible life is for the impoverished in India. Balram spoke in high honor of his father and mentions that his father â€Å"never crouched,† like the servants were expected to on his job – that he â€Å"preferred to stand† (Adiga 20). A life of a man that Balram respected and loved, a life that protected him against his worst fear of lizards, and taught him how to have pride in everything he does – a life Balram held with the utmost importance and praise – was the same life that later had to be mopped off the floor by his very own son. The negligence of human life desensitized Balram at a young age and strengthened his soul by realizing the dog-eat-dog society he lives in. Following his father’s death, Balram soon realizes he doesn’t only live in a dog-eat-dog society, but a dog-eat-dog home, too. Balram reminisces on his encounter with his brother and notes: I couldn’t stop thinking of Kishan’s body. They were eating him alive in there! They would do the same thing to him that they did to father – scoop him out from the inside and leave him weak and helpless until he got tuberculosis and died on the floor of a government hospital†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Adiga 74) Balram recognizes that the women he used to live with before becoming a driver – especially his grandmother – use the men for hard labour to provide for the family, wearing them down to the bone. His grandmother’s further letters of blackmail demanding money from Balram are another clear example of selfishness within the family. This realization strengthens Balram’s soul even more by teaching him that he is truly alone and that no one – not even his own family – is willing or wanting to help guide him forward. If he is going to make it out of the darkness, Balram knows it will have to be on his own. Consequently, the pain and suffering triggered Balram’s ambition to veer the direction of his predetermined life of poverty into something more. Balram uses the rooster coop as his analogy of life for the low-caste system in India. He explains: Hundreds of pale hens and brightly coloured roosters stuffed tightly into wire-mesh cages, packed as tightly as worms in a belly, pecking each other and shitting on each other, jostling just for breathing space; the whole cage giving off a horrible stench†¦The roosters in the coop smell the blood from above. They see the organs of their brothers lying around them. (Adiga 147) He compares the chickens to the people in his country as neither of them are attempting to escape their cages, â€Å"The very same thing is done with human beings in this country† (Adiga 148). He details how the coop is self-trapping and comes to a conclusion that only through individual action can one break out of the coop. This realization gives Balram a will and determination to escape the rooster coop. As Mr. Ashok’s personal driver, Balram is forced to partake on more roles in the job such as giving the Stork foot massages, cooking, cleaning, and almost having to be framed for a murder he did not commit. When Balram finally starts cheating his master off his money, he expresses that, â€Å"Instead of guilt, what did I feel? Rage. The more I stole from him, the more I realized how much he had stolen from me.† (Adiga 196). This is a milestone in Balram’s life as he finally changes from the quiet, hard worker but begins to realize that he was facing numerous unnecessary humiliations, none of which were part of the job. He knows that the rich are treating him like an animal and that is a feeling that no amount of rupees can compensate for. Through the disloyalty towards his master, Balram demonstrates ambition by taking action in getting closer to his dream of escaping his servant status which is done by escaping the rooster coop. As a result of taking action to liberate himself from the rooster coop, he achieves success. Balram murders his master, Mr. Ashok, and steals his bag enclosed with thousands of rupees. He uses his reoccurring analogy of the rooster coop to validate the murder of his master by stating, â€Å"I think the Rooster Coop needs people like me to break out of it. It needs masters like Mr. Ashok – who, for all his numerous virtues, was not much of a master – to be weeded out, and exceptional servants like me to replace them† (Adiga 257). The murder of Mr. Ashok was the final action that all of his previous small acts of cheating and stealing led up to. The money Balram gained from the murder provided him a chance at a new life filled with endless opportunities. He chooses to start his own taxi business and explains, â€Å"Once I was a driver to a master, but now I am a master of drivers. I don’t treat them like servants – I don’t slap, or bully, or mock anyone. I don’t insult any of them by calling them â€Å"family,† either. They’re my employees; I’m their boss, that’s all.† (Adiga 259). This shows the contrast of his life and how far he has come. His life takes a complete turn, as he changes roles from servant to master. It also foils the characters of the rich and corrupted masters Balram encounters in his life, as it emphasizes his moral character. Balram achieves his success but still remains a fair, professional boss – nothing like the other masters in India. His struggles drove Balram to fight for a life of freedom and dignity. He re-evaluates the actions he had to take in order to achieve this success and questions, â€Å"Are you a man or a demon?† and quickly justifies it with, â€Å"Neither, I say. I have woken up, and the rest of you are still sleeping and that is the only difference between us† (Adiga 271). Balram realized the dog-eat-dog world he was faced with and knew from a young age that it was every man for himself. He had no advantages above any single other person living in the low-social caste. He was equally impoverished but woke up and broke free. Throughout the course of his life, there’s not a minute where Balram does not see suffering. Pushed by his dark life of having watched his parents die, and being stripped of his dignity by the rich, Balram becomes determined to raise himself up from the darkness and into the light. He takes the necessary action of murdering his master to carry out his plan of escaping the rooster coop. His hardships are finally rewarded by the honest taxi company he establishes. Had Balram never been encaged, he would not appreciate the beauty of his freedom as much as he does now. One who has never seen a sunset cannot fully appreciate the sunrise, and one who’s never felt the storm cannot fully appreciate the sun. Balram’s seen both dusk and dawn and rain and sun which allows him to appreciate the light a little more than ever.

Case Review Law of Tort

TRESPASS TO LAND BUKIT LENANG DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD v. TELEKOM MALAYSIA BHD & ORS [2012] 1 CLJ FACTS The plaintiff purchased a land from Oakfield Enterprises Sdn Bhd through a sale and purchase agreement dated 15 May 1996. The plaintiff was aware at that time of the presence of squatters on the land. Following the said purchase, the plaintiff commenced eviction proceedings against the squatters and succeeded in obtaining judgment where the court ordered that the squatters surrender vacant possession of the subject land to plaintiff.The plaintiff’s solicitors demanded that second defendant cease supply of electricity and remove all structures in connection with the supply by letter dated 28 April 2004. Plaintiff brings a suit due to second defendant’s refusal to comply with the demand. The defence counsel, however, argued that second defendant could not be held liable for trespass in view of its statutory obligation under the Electricity Supply Act 1990 (ESA), and the plai ntiff had failed to distinguish between the lots owned by the plaintiff and the rest of the land.ISSUES 1. Whether second defendant's failure to comply with plaintiff's demand to cease supply of electricity and remove structures in plaintiff's land can be amounted to trespass to land? 2. Whether second defendant liable for trespass to a certain extent? JUDGMENT 1. The High Court had come to a conclusion that the second defendant liable for trespass to the extent of supplying electricity to legal occupants in plaintiff's land.The illegal occupants did not have the authority to allow TNB as licensee to place any structures on the land of its cables or wires to run over the plaintiff’s lots which would be trespass. A valid and subsisting High Court order declaring the occupants’ status as squatters or trespassers had been served on second defendant and they had to comply with the plaintiff’s demand to cease supply of electricity premised on a valid and enforceable order.Second defendant as a public utility provider had failed to discontinue the trespass when due notice of illegal occupation had been given. 2. Plaintiff had vide its solicitors’ letter of 28 April 2004 put second defendant to notice that the court had determined that the occupiers on the plaintiff's land who had been supplied electricity were trespassers and the lot numbers owned by the plaintiff were supplied. The defence raised there was no evidence of any response from second to the effect that the plaintiff’s lots could not be identified from the entire piece of land.The occupants being squatters were strangers to the plaintiff whereas second defendant was in possession of records showing their identities and location of the households that had electricity supply. Hence, the issue of non-identification or demarcation of the plaintiff’s lots did not arise in this case. 3. So, second defendant were held liable for trespassing plaintiff's land by placing c ables and wires to run over plaintiff's lots and also by supplying electricity to illegal occupants in plaintiff's land.COMMENTARY I agree on behalf of High Court's decision where second defendant (Telekom Malaysia Bhd) should be liable for trespassing into plaintiff's (Bukit Lenang Development Sdn Bhd). This is because they had been informed earlier by plaintiff's solicitor to cease supply of electricity and remove all structures in connection with the supply by letter dated 28 April 2004 but they still failed to do so. They also know that the people they are supplying the electricity are illegal occupants of plaintiff's land.From a legal view, even by placing something on other's land and continue the act would be considered as trespass to land. So, second defendant had trespass plaintiff's land intentionally as they were informed earlier to comply with it. Furthermore, second defendant's action of supplying electricity to the illegal occupants is regarded as immoral by abetting a nd conspires with them to occupy plaintiff's land illegally. Therefore, in moral view, they should avoid from doing so. In conclusion, High Court's decision that second defendant liable for trespassing plaintiff's land is reasonable.PASSING OFF DANONE BISCUITS MANUFACTURING (M) SDN BHD V. HWA TAI INDUSTRIES BHD [2010] 8 MLJ 500 FACTS In early April 2001, the Plaintiff discovered that the defendant, Hwa Tai Industries Bhd, had been manufacturing and selling chocolate chip cookies bearing the trademark â€Å"Chipsplus†. The plaintiff subsequently requested that the defendant cease the manufacture and sale of cookies bearing this trademark, on the basis that the trademark, as well as get-up and packaging of the product, were confusingly similar to their registered â€Å"ChipsMore† mark.However, the defendant refused to do so, and as such, the plaintiff sued the defendant for trademark infringement and passing off. The plaintiff argued that the defendant’s â€Å"Ch ipsplus† trademark infringed upon its registered trademark, while the similar get-up and packaging of the cookies amounted to the defendant passing off its â€Å"Chipsplus† cookies as the Plaintiff’s â€Å"ChipsMore† cookies, and this affected their business, reputation and goodwill in Malaysia.The defendant however denied the plaintiff’s claims, and further contended that the â€Å"ChipsMore† registration had lapsed, and was therefore invalid. ISSUES 1. Whether Hwa Tai Industries Bhd is liable for passing off defendant's chocolate chip cookies â€Å"ChipsMore† trademark? JUDGMENT 1. It was held that the defendant’s mark â€Å"CHIPSPLUS† used on chocolate chip cookies were to bring result in confusion to the public as the mark â€Å"CHIPSPLUS† and the Plaintiff’s registered mark for â€Å"CHIPSMORE† for the same product are conceptually similar.The court found that the defendant was liable for infring ement because the plaintiff had a registration certificate and renewal certificate evidencing a valid trademark, and the Plaintiff had not given the defendant permission to use their trademark. Furthermore, as â€Å"Chipsplus† was similar to â€Å"ChipsMore†, there was a possibility of confusion or deception amongst the public. Court found in the plaintiff’s favour and allowed the plaintiff’s claim for infringement and passing off. COMMENTARYI am against the decision made by the court as the mark ‘CHIPSPLUS' used by defendant was like merely to use the word ‘CHIPSPLUS' to promote their new cookies products with extra and additional chips and it is not necessary to prove that the word ‘CHIPSPLUS' can be used by plaintiff only. Other manufacturers can have freedom to use any appropriate word as label for their products as long as it does not totally imitate other manufacturer's product label. Plaintiff maybe has the idea to promote their c hips cookies by using the ‘CHIPSPLUS' word too and not have the intention to pass off defendant's trademark.

Medusa

How does the writer present power in medusa and another poem In medusa, Duffy uses the character of a female to show power. â€Å"Be terrfied†. This quote is a short sentence which emphasises her power and that when she looks at you, it doesnt take long till you are turned into stone. The sentence also creates a sinister tone in a way that she wants you t be afraid of her because she was once destroyed now she wants to destroy others as she has the power to do so.Duffy later on uses the verb â€Å"shattered† which links with the word â€Å"spattered†. This demonstartes the strength of her power to destroy, her power is so strong that anything that comes in her way either ends up â€Å"shattered† or â€Å"spattered†. The verbs also infer that with power comes jelousy because Medusa destroys everything that appears to be positive and beautiful. They might also suggest that the way she has destroyed inncocent life is a way to say that she is out of con tro herself.The poem structured around her transformation, and the escalating scale of the living things she turns to â€Å"stone†. She starts with a â€Å"buzzing-bee† and her victims increase in size until she changes a â€Å"dragon† into a â€Å"volcano†. Finally she turns her attention to the man who broke her heart. In her last line Medusa says â€Å"look at me now†. this line, given great structural emphasis, is hugely ambiguous.It could be a heart-felt plea for attention as well as, of course, a heavily ironic threat and reminder of her capabilities. The paradox for Medusa is that she has become trapped by her own power. Duffy may be suggesting that the negative and destructive qualities of revenge will eventually undo their perpetrator. In the same way power is a major theme in Ozymandias, what was once so magnificent – a symbol of the king's great power – is now â€Å"sunk†¦ shattered†¦ lifeless†.

Mixed methodology Essay Example

Mixed methodology Essay Example Mixed methodology Essay Mixed methodology Essay Methodology This study will employ the mixed method in obtaining the results. Mixed methodology although considered complex and tasking, it is identified as one of the effective ways to conduct a comprehensive study (Mertens, 2014). In this mixed method, it will entail both the qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method will involve the use of questionnaires and survey to obtain relevant information regarding the topic in research. Also, it will comprise of an understanding in details the available literature on the subject. In such a study that aims at developing better interventions, it is important to obtain some of the explanations involving the research topic. Another qualitative method will involve the use of interviews to some of the employees especially in the oil industry. In the quantitative analysis which involves the use of numeric values to conduct a research, it will also entail the use of questionnaires but in the format that allows for numeric data to be obtaine d. The quantitative analysis will also entail the use of already researched data found in the existing literature on the subject. The materials that will be required in the methodology will mainly include funding for the entire process. The funding will be used for purchasing the required writing materials. Additionally, in the live interviews and use of the questionnaires, it is important to consider motivating the employees who will be involved in the study although the research is based on voluntary services. In consideration also is payment of the people who will be assisting me in conducting the study such as the administering of the questionnaires and collecting of various data. Another requirement is obtaining the necessary legal documents for the study such as permission by the companys officials of all the industries I will conduct my study. Data analysis will entail the use of software to provide the necessary graphs and determine the correlation between the different variables of the questionnaire. A transcriber will also be used to convert the audio information into written words for ease in storage and analysis. The questionnaires on the other hand, since they are few will be sampled and analyzed singly while putting down on paper the necessary data and information. It is important to put into consideration some of the ethical aspects during the study. This will include ensuring gender equity among the respondents and fairness in the administration of the questionnaires. Notably, legal considerations should also be ensured to avoid conflicts with different people during the study. While it is important to seek permissions from the relevant officials of the industries where the study will be conducted, it is crucial to ensure that the respondents information is kept confidential. This will be achieved with the help of avoiding the use of names of the employees and those involved in the study. The methodology will also entail following the set procedure in conducting research such as training the respondents on what is expected from them before commencing the study. In such a study where both information and data is required, it is conducted with the help of both the qualitative and quantitative methods. While the quantitative data provides information based on numeric figures, the qualitative method will provide the necessary information in a theoretical manner. Questionnaires are selected as most people can express themselves amicably without fear of victimization by the companies they represent. The live interview, on the other hand, will be based on accessing information from the management team and those who do not fear any related issue with the study. Plan for the research This study is expected to cover the duration of seven months. Among the various aspects of the study which will be added include discussion and presentation of the results. Also, there will be the development of the proposed strategies based on the results obtained while recommending on some of the new strategies that can be used. The project will be distributed as follows Activity October (2016) November (2016) December (2016) January (2017) February (2017) March (2017) April (2017) May (2017) Project Proposal Literature review Data Collection Data Analysis Discussion Compiling of the report Presentation Conclusion Change remains the most viable option to improve the success of an organization while reducing the loss of customers and profits. However, the risk of resistance to change remains a dire situation that requires effective intervention. While this is possible, it is first important to consider the reasons behind the resistance which will then assist in developing efficient interventions. Various studies have been developed to study this topic. According to the literature review, technical expertise, efficacy, receptivity and readiness remain the core reasons behind the change resistance. While technical knowledge defines the skills and abilities of the different employees, receptivity is described as how well the workers will adopt the changes being proposed. Receptivity has been identified as a core reason behind change resistance since it focuses on challenges that will face the employees workability. Considering the issue of readiness, it entails both the aspects of knowledge and re sources. According to the existing literature, communication remains the key factor behind both resistance to change and developing ways to avert this aspect in any organization. This proposal will, therefore, aim at seeking more answers towards this topic while basing on two main aspects; the issue of the current trends and their influence on the change resistance and the role of management in change management and mitigation of resistance. The two areas are selected sincle they have not been effectively analysed.The study is based on the Oil Corporation in Angola, one of the largest industries globally. The study will then employ the use of mixed methodology to provide an effective analysis of information. While the qualitative method will entail the use of surveys, questionnaires, and interviews, the quantitative methodology will involve obtaining numeric data from previously done research. The entire study is expected to take eight months while making use of various resources and workforce. Through this study, I anticipate contributing to the existing literature on various aspects involving reasons for change resistance. While focusing my study on the glo bal trends that will influence change resistance, it will be therefore easy to develop strategies that are aimed at addressing possible challenges in change implementation. Similarly, I aim at identifying the role of the management and leadership in organizational change and averting possible resistance in its implementation. References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Austin, M. J., Ciaassen, J. (2008). Impact of organizational change on organizational culture: Implications for introducing evidence-based practice.Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work,5(1-2), 321-359. Barros, C., Antunes, O. S. (2014). Productivity change in the oil blocks of Angola.Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy,9(4), 413-424. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Burke, W. W. (2013).Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Girons, F., Guerra, F., Hernndez, J., Poblacin, J. (2013). Structural Change in the Crude Oil Price Dynamic: Theoretical Study and Practical Implications.Business and Economic Research,3(1). Hanif, M., Khan, Y. S., Zaheer, A. (2014). Impact of organizational resistance to change on BPR implementation: a case of state bank of Pakistan.European Journal of Business and Management,6(4), 186-196. Klonek, F. E., Lehmann-Willenbrock, N., Kauffeld, S. (2014). Dynamics of resistance to change: a sequential analysis of change agents in action.Journal of change management,14(3), 334-360. Lindmark, M., Acar, S. (2015). Periods of converging carbon dioxide emissions from oil combustion 1973-2004.Available at SSRN 2573668. Lundy, V., Morin, P. P. (2013). Project leadership influences resistance to change: The case of the Canadian public service.Project Management Journal,44(4), 45-64. Matos Marques Simoes, P., Esposito, M. (2014). Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change.Journal of Management Development,33(4), 324-341. Mertens, D. M. (2014).Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications. Tudor, L. (2014). Change Management Employees Resistance Towards Organizational Change.Romanian Statistical Review Supplement,62(9), 36-43. Tummers, L. G. (2013). Connecting public administration and change management literature: The effects of policy alienation on resistance to change.(FSW).Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen. Umble, M. I. C. H. A. E. L., Umble, E. L. I. S. A. B. E. T. H. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change.Industrial Management,1, 16-21. VINES, A. (2016). Continuity and change in Angola: insights from modern history.International Affairs,92(5), 1229-1237.

Free Essays on Case Study Making Business In Asia

Intercultural Management CASE STUDY Â · Eldora Company (EDC) a leading U.S. bicycle maker. Â · Domestic manufacturing strategy: keeping its plant on the same campus as its corporate offices in Boulder, Colorado. It had contributed greatly to cooperating among various departments and ultimately to the company’s growth. Â · In 1992 EDC’s sales and earnings had hit record levels. Â · Now the Company produced almost 30% of the bicycles sold in the United States. Â · U.S. mass-market bicycle sales were growing by only 2% per year. Â · For years, the Company had concentrated its efforts on inexpensive bicycles. Â · Boulder Colorado, was a bicyclists Mecca. Eldora employees at all levels shared a genuine love of bicycling and eagerly pursued knowledge of the industry’s latest trends and styles. Â · All marketing staff, engineers, designers and manufacturing personnel worked on one campus, within a 10-minute walk of one another. Â · A Joint venture with Rinaldi, a high-end Italian bicycle manufacturer. EDC had begun importing Rinaldi bikes and Rinaldi had begun marketing EDC bikes in Europe. MOVING TO CHINA Reasons for do it. Â · The industry is reaching the saturation point in United States. Â · Two of the largest bike manufacturers in the world, located in rapidly growing Asian markets, enjoyed a significant labor and distribution cost advantage. Â · Of the 200 million bicycles made in the world last year, 40 million were sold in China, 30 million in India and 9 million in Japan. Â · There’s a growing middle class. The demand in Asia has been doubling annually. Â · EDC can’t compete from U.S, about 20% of it product cost is labor, and the hourly wages of the manufacturing workforce in those countries are between 5% and 15% of EDC. Â · EDC has also a 20% cost in transportation and duties for get its bicycles to those markets. Â · There are a lot of companies in Asia that could provide EDC with a product very quickl... Free Essays on Case Study Making Business In Asia Free Essays on Case Study Making Business In Asia Intercultural Management CASE STUDY Â · Eldora Company (EDC) a leading U.S. bicycle maker. Â · Domestic manufacturing strategy: keeping its plant on the same campus as its corporate offices in Boulder, Colorado. It had contributed greatly to cooperating among various departments and ultimately to the company’s growth. Â · In 1992 EDC’s sales and earnings had hit record levels. Â · Now the Company produced almost 30% of the bicycles sold in the United States. Â · U.S. mass-market bicycle sales were growing by only 2% per year. Â · For years, the Company had concentrated its efforts on inexpensive bicycles. Â · Boulder Colorado, was a bicyclists Mecca. Eldora employees at all levels shared a genuine love of bicycling and eagerly pursued knowledge of the industry’s latest trends and styles. Â · All marketing staff, engineers, designers and manufacturing personnel worked on one campus, within a 10-minute walk of one another. Â · A Joint venture with Rinaldi, a high-end Italian bicycle manufacturer. EDC had begun importing Rinaldi bikes and Rinaldi had begun marketing EDC bikes in Europe. MOVING TO CHINA Reasons for do it. Â · The industry is reaching the saturation point in United States. Â · Two of the largest bike manufacturers in the world, located in rapidly growing Asian markets, enjoyed a significant labor and distribution cost advantage. Â · Of the 200 million bicycles made in the world last year, 40 million were sold in China, 30 million in India and 9 million in Japan. Â · There’s a growing middle class. The demand in Asia has been doubling annually. Â · EDC can’t compete from U.S, about 20% of it product cost is labor, and the hourly wages of the manufacturing workforce in those countries are between 5% and 15% of EDC. Â · EDC has also a 20% cost in transportation and duties for get its bicycles to those markets. Â · There are a lot of companies in Asia that could provide EDC with a product very quickl...

Round vs. Around

Round vs. Around Round vs. Around Round vs. Around By Maeve Maddox One of the differences between American and British English is the usage of the words round and around. Americans use around in contexts in which most British speakers prefer round. The word round has five grammatical functions: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and preposition. The fighter was able to go another round. (noun) We watched as the runner rounded first base. (verb) Do you want a round plate or a square one? (adjective) The bridge was out, so we had to go round. (adverb) The tiger ran round the tree. (preposition) Round came into the language as a noun meaning â€Å"a circular object.† At various times, the â€Å"circular object† was a racecourse, a ring, and a coin. In a text from 1325, round is the word used for a diadem encircling the head of a man in a painting. Chaucer used round in the sense of a globe. In Macbeth, Shakespeare used round as a word for a sovereign’s crown. Around was formed from the noun round by adding the prefix a-, a variation of the prefix on-, creating an adverb that meant â€Å"in a circle.† In some contexts, British speakers use round and around interchangeably; for example, either â€Å"He put his arm round her,† or â€Å"He put his arm around her.† Otherwise, according to a note in the British English section of Oxford Dictionaries, there’s a general preference among British speakers to use round for â€Å"definite, specific movement,† and around in contexts that are less definite. For example, She turned round. A bus came round the corner. She wandered around for ages. The computer cost around  £3,000. According to a rumor circulating around the track, he’s using steroids. American usage sometimes reflects British usage by using round, but around is more common. Although the Oxford note says that in most contexts, â€Å"round is generally regarded as informal or non-standard,† I haven’t found anything in Merriam-Webster or the Chicago Manual of Style to indicate that using round the way the British do is â€Å"non-standard† in American usage. It may be old-fashioned, but it is not unknown in American writing: By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood And fired the shot heard round the world. Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"Concord Hymn,† 1837 I should like if my sisters are well and all the people round the neighborhood. letter from Peter Van Wagener (son of Sojourner Truth), March 22, 1841 The usage is still seen in emails and web comments by American speakers: We live downtown and I take them round the neighborhood, A mother talking about taking children trick or treating in Sacramento, California. One of the latest scams going round is that someone will stop you and ask if you are interested in perfume, email debunked on Snopes.com/. The strange form ‘round crops up in both British and American contexts, but as round is not a shortening of around, and as there’s no law against the American use of round to mean around, the apostrophe makes no sense in either dialect. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)Using the Active Voice to Strengthen Your WritingPreposition Mistakes #3: Two Idioms

How to Conjugate Regular 3rd Conjugation Latin Verbs

How to Conjugate Regular 3rd Conjugation Latin Verbs Third conjugation verbs end in -ere in the infinitive (the second principal part). In the third conjugation, a three-syllable infinitive stresses the first syllable. Our model Latin third conjugation verb below is gero, so its second principal part would be pronounced GEreh-reh, where the g is hard, as in get. [See Latin Discussion.] Distinguishing 3rd Conjugation Verbs From Other Conjugations Like the third declension, the third conjugation seems to have more than its share of different types, since it actually has a subtype, the -io verbs. It may also seem hard to distinguish verbs of the third conjugation from other conjugations. If this is something you have problems with, please read the following; otherwise, skip to the paradigm. The other conjugation with an -ere as the second principal part is actually different because it has a long -e that you may see marked with a macron (- ). The second conjugation syllable with a long -e is stressed. If you see the complete paradigm, you can tell a second from a third conjugation because the future has a -b-, just like the imperfect. Third conjugation verbs do not have a -b- in the future. You need to pay attention to the differences between the future indicative and the present subjunctive. If you want to know whether a verb is in the third conjugation, you can look at the first two principal parts. The conjugations in the running are the second and fourth, but the first principal part distinguishes the second conjugation from the third, and the second principal part distinguishes the fourth conjugation from the third conjugation -io subtype of verbs. Endings for the four Latin conjugations shown with macrons: 1st: -o, -Ä re | 2nd: -eo, -Ä“re | 3rd: -o, -ere / -io, -ere | 4th: -io, Ä «re The Paradigm of Gero With Notes Principal parts for the 3rd conjugation verb gerere, to manage gero, gerere, gessi, gestus. Infinitives Active Voice Present - gererePerfect - gessisseFuture - gesturus esse Passive Voice See conjugation of sum for use with the passive. Present - geriPerfect - gestus esseFuture - gestum iri Participles Active Present - gerensFuture - gesturus Passive Voice Perfect - gestusFuture - gerendus Active Voice and Indicative Mood Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gero gerimus 2 geris geritis 3 gerit gerunt Imperfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gerebam gerebamus 2 gerebas gerebatis 3 gerebat gerebant Future Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 geram geremus 2 geres geretis 3 geret gerent Perfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gessi gessimus 2 gessisti gessistis 3 gessit gesserunt Pluperfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gesseram gesseramus 2 gesseras gesseratis 3 gesserat gesserant Future Perfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gessero gesserimus 2 gesseris gesseritis 3 gesserit gesserint Passive Voice and Indicative Mood Present Tense, Passive Voice, Indicative Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 geror gerimur 2 gereris gerimini 3 geritur geruntur Imperfect Tense, Passive Voice, Indicative Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gerebar gerebamur 2 gerebaris gerebamini 3 gerebatur gerebantur Future Tense, Passive Voice, Indicative Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gerar geremur 2 gereris geremini 3 geretur gerentur The perfect tense is a tense showing completed action. That is the meaning of perfect in terms of tenses. Imperfect means incomplete. A future perfect is an action that will have been completed at some point in the future. Perfect - gestus sum ​etc.Pluperfect - gestus eram etc.Future Perfect -gestus ero etc. Active Voice and Subjunctive Mood Present Tense, Active Voice, Subjunctive Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 geram geramus 2 geras geratis 3 gerat gerant Imperfect Tense, Active Voice, Subjunctive Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gererem gereremus 2 gereres gereretis 3 gereret gererent Perfect Tense, Active Voice, Subjunctive Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gesserim gesserimus 2 gesseris gesseritis 3 gesserit gesserint Pluperfect Tense, Active Voice, Subjunctive Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gessissem gessissemus 2 gessisses gessissetis 3 gessisset gessissent Passive Voice and Subjunctive Mood Present Tense, Passive Voice, Subjunctive Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gerar geramur 2 geraris geramini 3 geratur gerantur Imperfect Tense, Passive Voice, Subjunctive Mood Person SINGULAR PLURAL 1 gererer gereremur 2 gerereris gereremini 3 gereretur gererentur Perfect Tense, Passive Voice, Subjunctive Mood - gestus sim Pluperfect Tense, Passive Voice, Subjunctive Mood - gestus essem Active Voice and Imperative Mood Present Tense 2d person - gere gerite Future Tense 2d person - gerito geritote3d person - gerito gerunto Passive Voice and Imperative Mood Present Tense 2d person - gerere gerimini Future Tense 2d person - geritor3d person - geritor geruntor